If you’ve ever seen photos of Korea covered in a mysterious, hazy cloud, that’s likely fine dust (“mise meonji” in Korean).
Here’s all you need to know before your trip!
Quick Summary
- Air pollution in Korea can be bad whether it’s yellow dust from China or locally created fine dust.
- Korean cities like Seoul have higher-than-recommended levels of particulate matter.
- For sensitive people, I’d recommend taking Claritin, carrying a mask just in case, and packing a portable air purifier if you have one.
- Air quality fluctuates, so you’ll get plenty of clear, blue-sky days too.
What Causes Korea’s Air Pollution?
Air pollution in Korea mainly comes from two sources. Domestic emissions and air pollutants from nearby countries, especially China.
According to a recent YTN Science article, the full-blown fine dust season starts with smog from China.
Seasonal winds carry yellow dust in spring and fine dust in winter over from China.
This leads to a noticeable uptick in air pollution levels, sometimes turning the sky hazy for days.
However, China isn’t the only factor. Korea’s own industries, power plants, and heavy traffic in major cities like Seoul contribute significantly.
In colder months, heating systems and increased fuel consumption worsen the problem.
Diesel vehicles, a major source of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and particulate matter (PM2.5), also play a role.
Construction sites further add dust, making the air quality worse in urban areas.
How Bad Is It, Really?
On some days, the air quality can be crystal clear, but on others, the fine dust levels spike, giving the sky a murky gray tint.
On these high-pollution days, Koreans wear face masks and check air quality apps to track pollution levels. Even the iPhone Weather widget tells you the air quality when you’re in Korea.
According to the International Trade Administration, the World Health Organization (WHO) warns that fine dust or particulate matter (PM) in Korea poses a serious health risk.
What’s the Korean Government’s Response?
The Korean government is actively working to improve air quality with a mix of short-term and long-term strategies.
They have been reducing coal reliance, closing older coal power plants, and expanding renewable energy sources like solar and wind.
Additionally, they enforce strict vehicle emissions regulations, including restrictions on high-emission diesel cars in major cities on bad air quality days.
To combat pollution, the government also deploys air-purifying buses and dust control measures like spraying water on roads to reduce airborne particles.
Schools monitor real-time air quality and keep students indoors when pollution levels are high.
Some cities even have large outdoor air purifiers installed in public spaces.
On a personal level, many Koreans wear KF94 masks on high-pollution days, and apartment complexes often install air purifiers in lobbies.
Should You Worry?
Air pollution is definitely a concern, but being prepared makes a big difference in protecting your health.
Monitoring through an air quality app helps you plan your day accordingly.
When pollution levels rise, carrying a KF94 mask is a must, especially if you have respiratory issues.
If you’re sensitive like me, taking antihistamines like Claritin before going out can help minimize allergic reactions.
I personally always bring a mask with me and even pack my portable air purifier for overnight trips.
Some hotels in Korea offer air purifier rentals free of charge, so don’t hesitate to ask at the front desk!
Additionally, staying indoors with air purifiers on high-pollution days and keeping windows closed can reduce exposure.
If you plan to live in Korea long-term, investing in a high-quality air purifier at home is a good idea.
The good news is that the air quality fluctuates, so you’ll get plenty of clear, blue-sky days too.
